-	5	I	N	D	I	A	-	-	-	-	-	--	-	-	-	-
-	-	9	5	-	9	-	+	=	23	2+3	=	5	-	5	-	5
-	-	9	14	-	9	-	+	=	32	3+2	=	5	-	5	-	5
-	5	I	N	D	I	A	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
-	-	-	-	4	-	1	+	=	5	-	=	5	-	5	-	5
-	5	I	N	D	I	A	-	-	-	-	-	--	-	-	-	-
-	-	9	14	4	9	1	+	=	37	3+7	=	10	1+0	1	-	1
-	-	9	5	4	9	1	+	=	28	2+8	=	10	1+0	1	-	1
-	5	I	N	D	I	A	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
-	-	-	-	-	-	1	-	-	1	occurs	x	1	=	1	-	1
2	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	2	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
3	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	3	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
-	-	-	-	4	-	-	-	-	4	occurs	x	1	=	4	=	4
-	-	-	5	-	-	-	-	-	5	occurs	x	1	=	5	=	5
6	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	6	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
7	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	7	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
8	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	8	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
-	-	9	-	-	9	-	-	-	9	occurs	x	2	=	18	1+8	9
26	5	I	N	D	I	A	-	-	19	-	-	5	-	28	-	19
2+6	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	1+9	-	-	-	-	2+8	-	1+9
8	5	I	N	D	I	A	-	-	10	-	-	5	-	10	-	10
-	-	9	5	4	9	1	-	-	1+0	-	-	-	-	1+0	-	1+0
8	5	I	N	D	I	A	-	-	1	-	-	5	-	1	-	1

 

 

-	5	I	N	D	I	A	-	-	-	-	-	--	-	-	-	-
-	-	9	5	-	9	-	+	=	23	2+3	=	5	-	5	-	5
-	-	9	14	-	9	-	+	=	32	3+2	=	5	-	5	-	5
-	5	I	N	D	I	A	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
-	-	-	-	4	-	1	+	=	5	-	=	5	-	5	-	5
-	5	I	N	D	I	A	-	-	-	-	-	--	-	-	-	-
-	-	9	14	4	9	1	+	=	37	3+7	=	10	1+0	1	-	1
-	-	9	5	4	9	1	+	=	28	2+8	=	10	1+0	1	-	1
-	5	I	N	D	I	A	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
-	-	-	-	-	-	1	-	-	1	occurs	x	1	=	1	-	1
-	-	-	-	4	-	-	-	-	4	occurs	x	1	=	4	=	4
-	-	-	5	-	-	-	-	-	5	occurs	x	1	=	5	=	5
-	-	9	-	-	9	-	-	-	9	occurs	x	2	=	18	1+8	9
26	5	I	N	D	I	A	-	-	19	-	-	5	-	28	-	19
2+6	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	1+9	-	-	-	-	2+8	-	1+9
8	5	I	N	D	I	A	-	-	10	-	-	5	-	10	-	10
-	-	9	5	4	9	1	-	-	1+0	-	-	-	-	1+0	-	1+0
8	5	I	N	D	I	A	-	-	1	-	-	5	-	1	-	1

 

 

M	=	4	7	MAHATMA	57	21	3
G	=	7	6	GANDHI	43	34	7
-	-	11	13	First Total	100	55	10
-	-	1+1	1+3	Add to Reduce	1+0+0	5+5	1+0
Q	-	2	4	Second Total	1	10	1
-	-	-	-	Reduce to Deduce	-	1+0	-
-	-	2	4	Essence of Number	1	1	1

 

 

-	13	M	A	H	A	T	M	A	-	G	H	A	N	D	I	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
-	-	-	-	8	-	-	-	-	-	-	8	-	5	-	9	+	=	30	3+0	=	3	-	3	-	3
-	-	-	-	8	-	-	-	-	-	-	8	-	14	-	9	+	=	39	3+9	=	12	1+2	3	-	3
-	13	M	A	H	A	T	M	A	-	G	H	A	N	D	I	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
-	-	4	1	-	1	2	4	1	-	7	-	1	-	4	-	+	=	25	2+5	=	7	=	7	-	7
-	-	13	1	-	1	20	13	1	-	7	-	1	-	4	-	+	=	61	6+1	=	7	-	7	-	7
-	13	M	A	H	A	T	M	A	-	G	H	A	N	D	I	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
-	-	13	1	8	1	20	13	1	-	7	8	1	14	4	9	+	=	100	1+0+0	=	1	=	1	-	1
-	-	4	1	8	1	2	4	1	-	7	8	1	5	4	9	+	=	55	5+5	=	10	1+0	1	-	1
-	13	M	A	H	A	T	M	A	-	G	H	A	N	D	I	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
-	-	-	1	-	1	-	-	1	-	-	-	1	-	-	-	-	-	1	occurs	x	4	=	4	-	4
-	``-	-	-	-	-	2	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	2	occurs	x	1	=	2	-	2
3	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	3	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
-	-	4	-	-	-	-	4	-	-	-	-	-	-	4	-	-	-	4	occurs	x	3	=	12	1+2	3
-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	5	-	-	-	-	5	occurs	x	1	=	5	-	5
6	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	6	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	7	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	7	occurs	x	1	=	7	-	7
-	-	-	-	8	-	-	-	-	-	-	8	-	-	-	-	-	-	8	occurs	x	2	=	16	1+6	7
-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	9	-	-	-	-	9	-	-	9	occurs	x	1	=	9	-	9
9	13	M	A	H	A	T	M	A	-	G	H	A	N	D	I	-	-	36	-	-	13	-	55	-	37
-	1+3	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	9	-	-	3+6	-	-	1+3	-	5+5	-	3+7
9	4	M	A	H	A	T	M	A	-	G	H	A	N	D	I	-	-	9	-	-	4	-	10	-	10
-	-	4	1	8	1	2	4	1	-	7	8	1	5	4	9	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	1+0	-	1+0
9	4	M	A	H	A	T	M	A	-	G	H	A	N	D	I	-	-	9	-	-	4	-	1	-	1

 

 

	M	A	H	A	T	M	A	-	G	H	A	N	D	I	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
-	-	-	8	-	-	-	-	-	-	8	-	5	-	9	+	=	30	3+0	=	3	-	3	-	3
-	-	-	8	-	-	-	-	-	-	8	-	14	-	9	+	=	39	3+9	=	12	1+2	3	-	3
13	M	A	H	A	T	M	A	-	G	H	A	N	D	I	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
-	4	1	-	1	2	4	1	-	7	-	1	-	4	-	+	=	25	2+5	=	7	=	7	-	7
-	13	1	-	1	20	13	1	-	7	-	1	-	4	-	+	=	61	6+1	=	7	-	7	-	7
13	M	A	H	A	T	M	A	-	G	H	A	N	D	I	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
-	13	1	8	1	20	13	1	-	7	8	1	14	4	9	+	=	100	1+0+0	=	1	=	1	-	1
-	4	1	8	1	2	4	1	-	7	8	1	5	4	9	+	=	55	5+5	=	10	1+0	1	-	1
13	M	A	H	A	T	M	A	-	G	H	A	N	D	I	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
-	-	1	-	1	-	-	1	-	-	-	1	-	-	-	-	-	1	occurs	x	4	=	4	-	4
-	-	-	-	-	2	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	2	occurs	x	1	=	2	-	2
-	4	-	-	-	-	4	-	-	-	-	-	-	4	-	-	-	4	occurs	x	3	=	12	1+2	3
-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	5	-	-	-	-	5	occurs	x	1	=	5	-	5
-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	7	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	7	occurs	x	1	=	7	-	7
-	-	-	8	-	-	-	-	-	-	8	-	-	-	-	-	-	8	occurs	x	2	=	16	1+6	7
-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	9	-	-	-	-	9	-	-	9	occurs	x	1	=	9	-	9
13	M	A	H	A	T	M	A	-	G	H	A	N	D	I	-	-	36	-	-	13	-	55	-	37
1+3	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	9	-	-	3+6	-	-	1+3	-	5+5	-	3+7
4	M	A	H	A	T	M	A	-	G	H	A	N	D	I	-	-	9	-	-	4	-	10	-	10
-	4	1	8	1	2	4	1	-	7	8	1	5	4	9	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	1+0	-	1+0
4	M	A	H	A	T	M	A	-	G	H	A	N	D	I	-	-	9	-	-	4	-	1	-	1

 

 

 

-	-	-	-	-	INDIA	-	-	-
-	-	-	-	1	I	9	9	9
-	-	-	-	2	AND	18	9	9
-	-	-	-	1	I	9	9	9
I	=	9	-	5	INDIA	37	19	19
-	-	-	-	1+1	-	3+7	1+9	1+9
I	=	9	-	5	INDIA	10	10	10
-	-	-	-	1+1	-	1+0	1+0	1+0
I	=	9	-	5	INDIA	1	1	1

 

 

INDIA

I AND INDIA GODS INDIA AND I

 

-	-	-	-	-	INDIA	-	-	-
-	-	-	-	1	I	9	9	9
-	-	-	-	2	ND	18	9	9
-	-	-	-	1	I	9	9	9
-	-	-	-	1	A	1	1	1
I	=	9	-	5	INDIA	37	19	19
-	-	-	-	1+1	-	3+7	1+9	1+9
I	=	9	-	5	INDIA	10	10	10
-	-	-	-	-	-	1+0	1+0	1+0
I	=	9	-	5	INDIA	1	1	1

 

 

-	5	I	N	D	U	S	-	-	-	-	-	--	-	-
-	-	9	5	-	-	1	+	=	15	1+5	=	6	-	6
-	-	9	14	-	-	19	+	=	42	4+2	=	6	-	6
-	5	I	N	D	U	S	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
-	-	-	-	4	3	-	+	=	7	-	-	7	-	7
-	-	-	-	4	21	-	+	=	25	2+5	=	7	-	7
-	5	I	N	D	U	S	-	-	-	-	-	--	-	-
-	-	9	14	4	21	19	+	=	67	6+7	=	13	1+3	4
-	-	9	5	4	3	1	+	=	22	2+2	=	4	-	4
-	5	I	N	D	U	S	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
-	-	-	-	-	-	1	-	-	1	occurs	x	1	=	1
2	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	2	-	-	-	-	-
-	-	-	-	-	3	-	-	-	3	occurs	x	1	=	3
-	-	-	-	4	-	-	-	-	4	occurs	x	1	=	4
-	-	-	5	-	-	-	-	-	5	occurs	x	1	=	5
6	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	6	-	-	-	-	-
7	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	7	-	-	-	-	-
8	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	8	-	-	-	-	-
-	-	9	-	-	-	-	-	-	9	occurs	x	1	=	9
23	5	I	N	D	U	S	-	-	22	-	-	5	-	22
2+3	-	9	-	-	-	-	-	-	2+2	-	-	-	-	2+2
5	5	I	N	D	U	S	-	-	4	-	-	5	-	4
-	-	9	5	4	3	1	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
5	5	I	N	D	U	S	-	-	4	-	-	5	-	4

 

 

-	5	I	N	D	U	S	-	-	-	-	-	--	-	-
-	-	9	5	-	-	1	+	=	15	1+5	=	6	-	6
-	-	9	14	-	-	19	+	=	42	4+2	=	6	-	6
-	5	I	N	D	U	S	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
-	-	-	-	4	3	-	+	=	7	-	-	7	-	7
-	-	-	-	4	21	-	+	=	25	2+5	=	7	-	7
-	5	I	N	D	U	S	-	-	-	-	-	--	-	-
-	-	9	14	4	21	19	+	=	67	6+7	=	13	1+3	4
-	-	9	5	4	3	1	+	=	22	2+2	=	4	-	4
-	5	I	N	D	U	S	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
-	-	-	-	-	-	1	-	-	1	occurs	x	1	=	1
-	-	-	-	-	3	-	-	-	3	occurs	x	1	=	3
-	-	-	-	4	-	-	-	-	4	occurs	x	1	=	4
-	-	-	5	-	-	-	-	-	5	occurs	x	1	=	5
-	-	9	-	-	-	-	-	-	9	occurs	x	1	=	9
23	5	I	N	D	U	S	-	-	22	-	-	5	-	22
2+3	-	9	-	-	-	-	-	-	2+2	-	-	-	-	2+2
5	5	I	N	D	U	S	-	-	4	-	-	5	-	4
-	-	9	5	4	3	1	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
5	5	I	N	D	U	S	-	-	4	-	-	5	-	4

 

 

5	INDUS	67	22	4
6	VALLEY	77	23	5
11	-	144	45	9
1+1	-`	1+4+4	4+5	-
2	-	9	9	9

 

 

-	11	I	N	D	U	S	-	V	A	L	L	E	Y	-	-	-	-	-	--	-	-	-	-
-	-	9	5	-	-	1	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	+	=	15	1+5	=	6	-	6	-	6
-	-	9	14	-	-	19	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	+	=	42	4+2	=	6	-	6	-	6
-	11	I	N	D	U	S	-	V	A	L	L	E	Y	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
-	-	-	-	4	3	-	-	4	1	3	3	5	7	+	=	30	3+0	-	3	-	3	-	3
-	-	-	-	4	21	-	-	22	1	12	12	5	25	+	=	102	1+0+2	=	3	-	3	-	3
-	11	I	N	D	U	S	-	V	A	L	L	E	Y	-	-	-	-	-	--	-	-	-	-
-	-	9	14	4	21	19	-	22	1	12	12	5	25	+	=	144	1+4+4	=	9	-	9	-	9
-	-	9	5	4	3	1	-	4	1	3	3	5	7	+	=	45	4+5	=	9	-	9	-	9
-	11	I	N	D	U	S	-	V	A	L	L	E	Y	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
-	-	-	-	-	-	1	-	-	1	-	-	-	-	-	-	1	occurs	x	2	=	2	=	2
2	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	2	TWO	2	-	-	-	-	-
-	-	-	-	-	3	-	-	-	-	3	3	-	-	-	-	3	occurs	x	3	=	9	=	9
-	-	-	-	4	-	-	-	4	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	4	occurs	x	2	=	8	=	8
-	-	-	5	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	5	-	-	-	5	occurs	x	2	=	10	1+0	1
6	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	6	SIX	6	-	-	-	-	-
-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	7	-	-	7	occurs	x	1	=	7	=	7
8	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	8	EIGHT	8	-	-	-	-	-
-	-	9	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	9	occurs	x	1	=	9	=	9
16	11	I	N	D	U	S	-	V	A	L	L	E	Y	-	-	29	-	-	11	-	45	-	36
1+6	1+1	9	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	2+9	-	-	1+1	-	4+5	-	3+6
7	2	I	N	D	U	S	-	V	A	L	L	E	Y	-	-	11	-	-	2	-	9	-	9
-	-	9	5	4	3	1	-	4	1	3	3	5	7	-	-	1+1	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
7	2	I	N	D	U	S	-	V	A	L	L	E	Y	-	-	2	-	-	2	-	9	-	9

 

 

11	I	N	D	U	S	-	V	A	L	L	E	Y	-	-	-	-	-	--	-	-	-	-
-	9	5	-	-	1	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	+	=	15	1+5	=	6	-	6	-	6
-	9	14	-	-	19	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	+	=	42	4+2	=	6	-	6	-	6
11	I	N	D	U	S	-	V	A	L	L	E	Y	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
-	-	-	4	3	-	-	4	1	3	3	5	7	+	=	30	3+0	-	3	-	3	-	3
-	-	-	4	21	-	-	22	1	12	12	5	25	+	=	102	1+0+2	=	3	-	3	-	3
11	I	N	D	U	S	-	V	A	L	L	E	Y	-	-	-	-	-	--	-	-	-	-
-	9	14	4	21	19	-	22	1	12	12	5	25	+	=	144	1+4+4	=	9	-	9	-	9
-	9	5	4	3	1	-	4	1	3	3	5	7	+	=	45	4+5	=	9	-	9	-	9
11	I	N	D	U	S	-	V	A	L	L	E	Y	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
-	-	-	-	-	1	-	-	1	-	-	-	-	-	-	1	occurs	x	2	=	2	=	2
-	-	-	-	3	-	-	-	-	3	3	-	-	-	-	3	occurs	x	3	=	9	=	9
-	-	-	4	-	-	-	4	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	4	occurs	x	2	=	8	=	8
-	-	5	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	5	-	-	-	5	occurs	x	2	=	10	1+0	1
-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	7	-	-	7	occurs	x	1	=	7	=	7
-	9	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	9	occurs	x	1	=	9	=	9
11	I	N	D	U	S	-	V	A	L	L	E	Y	-	-	29	-	-	11	-	45	-	36
1+1	9	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	2+9	-	-	1+1	-	4+5	-	3+6
2	I	N	D	U	S	-	V	A	L	L	E	Y	-	-	11	-	-	2	-	9	-	9
-	9	5	4	3	1	-	4	1	3	3	5	7	-	-	1+1	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
2	I	N	D	U	S	-	V	A	L	L	E	Y	-	-	2	-	-	2	-	9	-	9

 

 

5	INDUS	67	22	4
6	VALLEY	77	23	5
11	-	144	45	9
1+1	-`	1+4+4	4+5	-
2	-	9	9	9
-	-	-	-	-
-	-	-	-	-
-8	MOHENJO DARO	-	-	-
7	MOHENJO	80	35	8
4	DARO	38	20	2
11	MOHENJO DARO	118	55	10
1+1	-`	1+1+8	5+5	1+0
2	MOHENJO DARO	10	10	1
-	-`	1+0	1+0	-
2	MOHENJO DARO	1	1	1
-	-	-	-	-
-	-	-	-	-
8	HARAPPAN	75	39	3
-	-	-	-	-
-	-	-	-	-
5	INDUS	67	22	4
5	RIVER	72	36	9

 

 

-	RIVER	-	-	-
-	R	18	9	9
-	I	9	9	9
-	VE	27	9	9
-	R	18	9	9
5	RIVER	72	36	36
-	Add to Reduce	7+2	3+6	3+6
5	Reduce to deduce	9	9	9

 

 

-	RIVER	-	-	-
-	RI	27	18	9
-	VE	27	9	9
-	R	18	9	9
5	RIVER	72	36	36
-	Add to Reduce	7+2	3+6	3+6
5	Reduce to deduce	9	9	9

 

 

-	5	R	I	V	E	R	-	-	-	-	-	--	-	-	-	-
-	-	-	9	-	-	-	+	=	9	-	=	9	=	9	=	9
-	5	R	I	V	E	R	-	-	-	-	-	--	-	-	-	-
-	-	9	-	4	5	9	+	=	27	2+7	=	9	=	9	=	9
-	-	18	-	22	5	18	+	=	63	6+3	=	9	=	9	=	9
-	5	R	I	V	E	R	-	-	-	-	-	--	-	-	-	-
-	-	18	9	22	5	18	+	=	72	7+2	=	9	=	9	=	9
-	-	9	9	4	5	9	+	=	36	3+6	=	9	=	9	=	9
-	5	R	I	V	E	R	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
1	-	--	--	--	--	--	-	-	1	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
2	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	2	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
3	-	-	-	-	-	--	-	-	3	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
-	-	-	-	4	-	-	-	-	4	occurs	x	1	=	4	=	4
-	-	-	-	-	5	-	-	-	5	occurs	x	1	=	5	=	5
6	-	--	--	--	--	--	-	-	6	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
7	-	--	--	-	-	-	-	-	7	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
8	-	--	--	-	-	-	-	-	8	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
-	-	9	9	-	-	9	-	-	9	occurs	x	3	=	27	2+7	9
27	5	R	I	V	E	R	-	-	18	-	-	5	-	36	-	18
2+7	-	9	9	-	-	9	-	-	1+8	-	-	-	-	3+6	-	1+8
9	5	R	I	V	E	R	-	-	9	-	-	5	-	9	-	9

 

 

5	R	I	V	E	R	-	-	-	-	-	--	-	-	-	-
-	-	9	-	-	-	+	=	9	-	=	9	=	9	=	9
5	R	I	V	E	R	-	-	-	-	-	--	-	-	-	-
-	9	-	4	5	9	+	=	27	2+7	=	9	=	9	=	9
-	18	-	22	5	18	+	=	63	6+3	=	9	=	9	=	9
5	R	I	V	E	R	-	-	-	-	-	--	-	-	-	-
-	18	9	22	5	18	+	=	72	7+2	=	9	=	9	=	9
-	9	9	4	5	9	+	=	36	3+6	=	9	=	9	=	9
5	R	I	V	E	R	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
-	-	-	4	-	-	-	-	4	occurs	x	1	=	4	=	4
-	-	-	-	5	-	-	-	5	occurs	x	1	=	5	=	5
-	9	9	-	-	9	-	-	9	occurs	x	3	=	27	2+7	9
5	R	I	V	E	R	-	-	18	-	-	5	-	36	-	18
-	9	9	-	-	9	-	-	1+8	-	-	-	-	3+6	-	1+8
5	R	I	V	E	R	-	-	9	-	-	5	-	9	-	9

 

 

5	INDUS	67	22	4
5	RIVER	72	36	9
11	-	139	58	13
1+1	-`	1+3+9	5+8	1+3
2	-	13	13	4
-	-`	1+3	4+5	-
2	-	4	4	4

 

 

-	10	I	N	D	U	S	-	R	I	V	E	R	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
-	-	9	5	-	-	1	-	-	9	-	-	-	+	=	24	2+4	=	6	-	6	-	6
-	-	9	14	-	-	19	-	-	9	-	-	-	+	=	51	5+1	=	6	-	6	-	6
-	10	I	N	D	U	S	-	R	I	V	E	R	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
-	-	-	-	4	3	-	-	9	-	4	5	9	+	=	34	3+4	-	7	-	7	-	7
-	-	-	-	4	21	-	-	18	-	22	5	18	+	=	88	8+8	=	16	1+6	7	-	7
-	10	I	N	D	U	S	-	R	I	V	E	R	-	-	-	-	-	--	-	-	-	-
-	-	9	14	4	21	19	-	18	9	22	5	18	+	=	139	1+3+9	=	13	1+3	4	-	4
-	-	9	5	4	3	1	-	9	9	4	5	9	+	=	58	5+8	=	13	1+3	4	-	4
-	10	I	N	D	U	S	-	R	I	V	E	R	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
-	-	-	--	--	-	1	-	-	--	--	--	--	-	-	1	occurs	x	1	=	1	=	1
2	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	2	TWO	-	-	-	-	-	-
-	-	-	-	-	3	-	-	-	-	-	-	--	-	-	3	occurs	x	1	=	3	=	3
-	-	-	-	4	-	-	-	-	-	4	-	-	-	-	4	occurs	x	2	=	8	=	8
-	-	-	5	-	-	-	-	--	-	-	5	-	-	-	5	occurs	x	2	=	10	1+0	1
6	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	--	--	--	--	--	-	-	6	SIX	-	-	-	-	-	-
7	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	--	--	--	--	-	-	7	SEVEN	-	-	-	-	-	-
8	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	--	--	--	--	-	-	8	EIGHT	-	-	-	-	-	-
-	-	9	-	-	-	-	-	9	9	-	-	9	-	-	9	occurs	x	4	=	36	3+6	9
23	10	I	N	D	U	S	-	R	I	V	E	R	-	-	22	-	-	10	-	58	-	22
2+3	1+0	9	-	-	-	-	-	9	9	-	-	9	-	-	2+2	-	-	1+0	-	5+8	-	2+2
5	1	I	N	D	U	S	-	R	I	V	E	R	-	-	4	-	-	1	-	13	-	4
-	-	9	5	4	3	1	-	4	1	3	3	5	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	1+3	-	-
5	1	I	N	D	U	S	-	R	I	V	E	R	-	-	4	-	-	1	-	13	-	4

 

 

10	I	N	D	U	S	-	R	I	V	E	R	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
-	9	5	-	-	1	-	-	9	-	-	-	+	=	24	2+4	=	6	-	6	-	6
-	9	14	-	-	19	-	-	9	-	-	-	+	=	51	5+1	=	6	-	6	-	6
10	I	N	D	U	S	-	R	I	V	E	R	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
-	-	-	4	3	-	-	9	-	4	5	9	+	=	34	3+4	-	7	-	7	-	7
-	-	-	4	21	-	-	18	-	22	5	18	+	=	88	8+8	=	16	1+6	7	-	7
10	I	N	D	U	S	-	R	I	V	E	R	-	-	-	-	-	--	-	-	-	-
-	9	14	4	21	19	-	18	9	22	5	18	+	=	139	1+3+9	=	13	1+3	4	-	4
-	9	5	4	3	1	-	9	9	4	5	9	+	=	58	5+8	=	13	1+3	4	-	4
10	I	N	D	U	S	-	R	I	V	E	R	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	-
-	-	--	--	-	1	-	-	--	--	--	--	-	-	1	occurs	x	1	=	1	=	1
-	-	-	-	3	-	-	-	-	-	-	--	-	-	3	occurs	x	1	=	3	=	3
-	-	-	4	-	-	-	-	-	4	-	-	-	-	4	occurs	x	2	=	8	=	8
-	-	5	-	-	-	-	--	-	-	5	-	-	-	5	occurs	x	2	=	10	1+0	1
-	9	-	-	-	-	-	9	9	-	-	9	-	-	9	occurs	x	4	=	36	3+6	9
10	I	N	D	U	S	-	R	I	V	E	R	-	-	22	-	-	10	-	58	-	22
1+0	9	-	-	-	-	-	9	9	-	-	9	-	-	2+2	-	-	1+0	-	5+8	-	2+2
1	I	N	D	U	S	-	R	I	V	E	R	-	-	4	-	-	1	-	13	-	4
-	9	5	4	3	1	-	4	1	3	3	5	-	-	-	-	-	-	-	1+3	-	-
1	I	N	D	U	S	-	R	I	V	E	R	-	-	4	-	-	1	-	13	-	4

 

 

10	INDUS RIVER	139	58	4
11	INDUS VALLEY	72	36	9

 

 

Indus Valley Civilisation - Wikipedia
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indus_Valley_Civilisation

The Indus Valley Civilisation (IVC) was a Bronze Age civilisation (3300–1300 BCE; mature period 2600–1600 BCE) mainly in the northwestern regions of South ...
Period?: ?Bronze Age

Geographical range?: ?South Asia

Dates?: ?c. 3300 – c. 1700 BCE

Ten Indus Signs, dubbed the Dholavira Signboard
Typical Indus inscriptions are no more than four or five characters in length, most of which (aside from the Dholavira "signboard") are tiny; the longest on a single surface, which is less than 1 inch (2.54 cm) square, is 17 signs long; the longest on any object (found on three different faces of a mass-produced object) has a length of 26 symbols.

While the Indus Valley Civilisation is generally characterised as a literate society on the evidence of these inscriptions, this description has been challenged by Farmer, Sproat, and Witzel (2004)[108] who argue that the Indus system did not encode language, but was instead similar to a variety of non-linguistic sign systems used extensively in the Near East and other societies, to symbolise families, clans, gods, and religious concepts. Others have claimed on occasion that the symbols were exclusively used for economic transactions, but this claim leaves unexplained the appearance of Indus symbols on many ritual objects, many of which were mass-produced in moulds. No parallels to these mass-produced inscriptions are known in any other early ancient civilisations.[109]

In a 2009 study by P. N. Rao et al. published in Science, computer scientists, comparing the pattern of symbols to various linguistic scripts and non-linguistic systems, including DNA and a computer programming language, found that the Indus script's pattern is closer to that of spoken words, supporting the hypothesis that it codes for an as-yet-unknown language.[110][111]

Farmer, Sproat, and Witzel have disputed this finding, pointing out that Rao et al. did not actually compare the Indus signs with "real-world non-linguistic systems" but rather with "two wholly artificial systems invented by the authors, one consisting of 200,000 randomly ordered signs and another of 200,000 fully ordered signs, that they spuriously claim represent the structures of all real-world non-linguistic sign systems".[112] Farmer et al. have also demonstrated that a comparison of a non-linguistic system like medieval heraldic signs with natural languages yields results similar to those that Rao et al. obtained with Indus signs. They conclude that the method used by Rao et al. cannot distinguish linguistic systems from non-linguistic ones.[113]

The messages on the seals have proved to be too short to be decoded by a computer. Each seal has a distinctive combination of symbols and there are too few examples of each sequence to provide a sufficient context. The symbols that accompany the images vary from seal to seal, making it impossible to derive a meaning for the symbols from the images. There have, nonetheless, been a number of interpretations offered for the meaning of the seals. These interpretations have been marked by ambiguity and subjectivity.[113]:69

Photos of many of the thousands of extant inscriptions are published in the Corpus of Indus Seals and Inscriptions (1987, 1991, 2010), edited by Asko Parpola and his colleagues. The final, third, volume, republished photos taken in the 1920s and 1930s of hundreds of lost or stolen inscriptions, along with many discovered in the last few decades. Formerly, researchers had to supplement the materials in the Corpus by study of the tiny photos in the excavation reports of Marshall (1931), MacKay (1938, 1943), Wheeler (1947), or reproductions in more recent scattered sources.

Edakkal caves in Wayanad district of Kerala contain drawings that range over periods from as early as 5000 BC to 1000 BC. The youngest group of paintings have been in the news for a possible connection to the Indus Valley Civilization.

RELIGION
Further information: Prehistoric religion

The religion and belief system of the Indus valley people have received considerable attention, especially from the view of identifying precursors to deities and religious practices of Indian religions that later developed in the area. However, due to the sparsity of evidence, which is open to varying interpretations, and the fact that the Indus script remains undeciphered, the conclusions are partly speculative and largely based on a retrospective view from a much later Hindu perspective.[114][115] An early and influential work in the area that set the trend for Hindu interpretations of archaeological evidence from the Harapan sites[116] was that of John Marshall, who in 1931 identified the following as prominent features of the Indus religion: a Great Male God and a Mother Goddess; deification or veneration of animals and plants; symbolic representation of the phallus (linga) and vulva (yoni); and, use of baths and water in religious practice. Marshall's interpretations have been much debated, and sometimes disputed over the following decades.[117][118]

Swastika seals of Indus Valley Civilisation in British Museum
One Indus valley seal shows a seated figure with a horned headdress, possibly tricephalic and possibly ithyphallic, surrounded by animals. Marshall identified the figure as an early form of the Hindu god Shiva (or Rudra), who is associated with asceticism, yoga, and linga; regarded as a lord of animals; and often depicted as having three eyes. The seal has hence come to be known as the Pashupati Seal, after Pashupati (lord of all animals), an epithet of Shiva.[117][119] While Marshall's work has earned some support, many critics and even supporters have raised several objections. Doris Srinivasan has argued that the figure does not have three faces, or yogic posture, and that in Vedic literature Rudra was not a protector of wild animals.[120][121] Herbert Sullivan and Alf Hiltebeitel also rejected Marshall's conclusions, with the former claiming that the figure was female, while the latter associated the figure with Mahisha, the Buffalo God and the surrounding animals with vahanas (vehicles) of deities for the four cardinal directions.[122][123] Writing in 2002, Gregory L. Possehl concluded that while it would be appropriate to recognise the figure as a deity, its association with the water buffalo, and its posture as one of ritual discipline, regarding it as a proto-Shiva would be going too far.[119] Despite the criticisms of Marshall's association of the seal with a proto-Shiva icon, it has been interpreted as the Tirthankara Rishabhanatha by Jains and Vilas Sangave[124] or an early Buddha by Buddhists.[116] Historians such as Heinrich Zimmer and Thomas McEvilley believe that there is a connection between first Jain Tirthankara Rishabhanatha and the Indus Valley civilisation.[125][126]

Marshall hypothesised the existence of a cult of Mother Goddess worship based upon excavation of several female figurines, and thought that this was a precursor of the Hindu sect of Shaktism. However the function of the female figurines in the life of Indus Valley people remains unclear, and Possehl does not regard the evidence for Marshall's hypothesis to be "terribly robust".[127] Some of the baetyls interpreted by Marshall to be sacred phallic representations are now thought to have been used as pestles or game counters instead, while the ring stones that were thought to symbolise yoni were determined to be architectural features used to stand pillars, although the possibility of their religious symbolism cannot be eliminated.[128] Many Indus Valley seals show animals, with some depicting them being carried in processions, while others show chimeric creations. One seal from Mohen-jodaro shows a half-human, half-buffalo monster attacking a tiger, which may be a reference to the Sumerian myth of such a monster created by goddess Aruru to fight Gilgamesh.[129]

In contrast to contemporary Egyptian and Mesopotamian civilisations, Indus valley lacks any monumental palaces, even though excavated cities indicate that the society possessed the requisite engineering knowledge.[130][131] This may suggest that religious ceremonies, if any, may have been largely confined to individual homes, small temples, or the open air. Several sites have been proposed by Marshall and later scholars as possibly devoted to religious purpose, but at present only the Great Bath at Mohenjo-daro is widely thought to have been so used, as a place for ritual purification.[127][132] The funerary practices of the Harappan civilisation are marked by their diversity, with evidence of supine burial, fractional burial (in which the body is reduced to skeletal remains by exposure to the elements before final interment), and even cremation.[133][134]